The Department of Pathology was established in MCOMS in Dec 1994 in Deep campus. Later, part of the diagnostic work, including hematology and clinical pathology, had been shifted to MTH in Jan 1999. In Jan 2000, histopathology and cytopathology sections also were shifted to MTH and full set up of the Diagnostic Wing of the Department in MTH was completed. Presently the department is distributed in two campuses – in the Deep campus where undergraduate teaching is taken of and in MTH where all the diagnostic work and post graduate (MD) teaching is carried out .

Undergraduate (MBBS) Teaching

• Two years i.e., 1st and 2nd year of MBBS
• It includes 4 sessions in total (2 sessions per year )
• At the end of each session, there is a sessional exam while at the end of the Ist year, there is a Ist University MBBS examination and at the end of IInd year, there is a IInd University MBBS examination
• All the exams include Theory, Practical and Viva voce

Regular activities every week

• 4 theory classes for each semester [Total 16/wk]
• 4 practicals for each semester [Total 16 / wk]

In Practical Classes:
• Gross Specimens
• Histopathology Slides
• Slide projection
• PBL and Q&A sessions
• Departmental protocol and guidelines
• Clinical Pathology Tests – Hematology & Urine

Every student is provided with separate microscope.

Pathology Museum
• More than 500 specimens
• Catalogue maintained in systematic order
• It is being constantly updated with addition of new specimens

Regular activities Every Fortnight

Seminar Presentation

• Topic given to the allotted students by one department
• Students take part by rotation 
• Students prepare the seminar by themselves and the faculty acts as the facilitator. The seminars are presented in front of all the students of the semester and faculty of all departments 
• Each semester students present one seminar every fortnight. So, every week two seminars are presented by students of two different semesters

Fortnightly tests
• On the topics covered in the past fortnight through lectures
• Short answer type question

Every six months

Sessional Exam:
• Both theory and practical exam + viva is conducted for all the semesters

University Exam:
Kathmandu University (K.U.) Exam – It includes both theory & practical + viva exams. At the end of the Ist year and at the end of the IInd year , there are the Ist and IInd University MBBS examination respectively.

Topics covered in each semester: 

• FIRST SEMESTER: Introduction to pathology, General pathology, Neoplasia, Hematology basics, Transfusion medicine, Enviromental diseases
• SECOND SEMESTER: Hematology advanced, Reticuloendothelial system, Respiratory system, Cardiovascular system 
• THIRD SEMESTER: GIT, Hepatobiliary, Renal system, Endocrines, Immunity. 
• FOURTH SEMESTER: Skin, Male and female genital tract, Breast, CNS, Musculoskeletal system

Postgraduate ( MD ) Programme

The Postgraduate programme was started in 2000. Seven MD residents have passed out from here and are working in different Medical Colleges in Nepal as Assistant Professors and Lecturers. At present, a total of five residents are pursuing MD courses, one in the IIIrd, two in the IInd year and two in the Ist year.

Curriculum

• Residents are involved in day to day reporting of all cases
• Seminar – once every week on current topic or topic of interest
• Journal club and slide seminar every week on Wednesday and Friday respectively
• Gross meeting every Sunday morning
• Interdepartmental integrated post graduate seminar held once in every month
• Oral papers and poster presented in Asia Pacific Pathology Conference 2005 and ACPN conference 2008, both held in Kathmandu
• Residents involved in undergraduate and BMLT teaching
• We have well equipped library with good collection of internationally accepted standard postgraduate text books, journals & CDs


List of equipments


Histopathology

• Sakura Automatic Tissue Processor – 1
• Leica Microtome – 1
• Mircorom Microtome – 1
• Leica Knife Sharpener – 1
• Various types of cutting knives – 9
• Disposable blades – as required
• Flotation bath – 1
• Hot air oven – 1
• Incubator – 1
• Various types of stains (HE and special stains)
• Refrigerator – 1
• Instruments for surgical Pathology
• Glass wares, chemicals, reagents, waxes
• L-moulds – 24
• Centrifuge Remi – 1
• Microscope – 1
• Post mortem set – 1
• Miscellaneous items required to run a modern lab
• Disposable microtome blades
• Blue Filters – 20
• Still automatic 4ltr capacity (Korean)


Haematology and Clinical Pathology section

• Haemoglobinometers
• Haemocytometers
• Microscopes
• Photoelectric calorimeters – 2
• Spectrophotometers – 1
• Automatic cell counter Sysmex – 5 parts with 21 parameters – 1
• Automatic cell counter Sysmex – 3 parts with 16 parameters – 1
• Coagulometer
• Vasomatic auto ESR measure (micro & macro measurement)
• Micropipettes of various sizes – 1 set
• Serological water bath – 1
• Incubator – 1
• Hot air oven – 1
• Stop watches
• ESR stands
• Centrifuge Remi – 2
• Chemicals and reagents required to do the Haematological and Clinical Pathology tests
• Pasteur pipettes
• Glass wares of various types as required 


Cytology Section

• Separate room for FNAC
• All the equipments required for FNAC
• PAP stain and Romnowasky stains
• Jamshedi needles for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy
• Cytotek cytospin 


Blood Bank

• Blood bank has been designed as per international specifications having 11 rooms including one seminar room
• It is being run under the auspices of Nepal Red Cross society, Kaski branch
• All the equipment is available to run a successful blood bank

Museum

More than 500 mounted specimens are available in the museum at MCOMS and about 1000 unmounted specimens are available at MTH.

Undergraduate Lab

A state of the art lab is available in the Deep Campus. At a time, it can accommodate 44 students, but our batches of students, at a given time consist of not more than 19 students. All the specimens and glass slides required for undergraduate teaching are available along with binocular microscopes (one provided to each student ), haemocytometers, haemoglobinometers and other glass wares and chemicals. We also have a Carl Zeis trinocular microscope with CCD-JVC camera and two Flatron TV's for projection of glass slides.


In the Reporting Room/Research Lab at MTH – for PG training/ teaching, the following are available:
• Motic binocular microscope – 4
• Precision binocular Olympus microscope – 2
• Axiostar binocular microscope – 2
• Magnus MLXi binocular microscope – 3
• Axiostar plus binocular microscope – 1
• Double headed Axiostar Plus microscope – 1
• Trinocular Axiostar Plus microscope with microphotography Nikon camera attachment – 1
• Polarizer set - 3 sets
• Storage and retrieval system of blocks, slides and reports (soft and hard copies) is well established 

The following new equipment has been ordered to further upgrade the department
• LG microwave oven
• Chemical balance – 1
• Refrigerator – 1
• Servo stabilizers – 4
• Baskets for Tissue-Tek Histokinette – 2
• Cassettes for specimen processing

• Chromoblastomycosis in Nepal: a study of 13 cases. Pradhan SV; Talwar OP; Ghosh A; Swami RM; Shiva Raj KC. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol/ May –June/ Vol 73/ issue 3
• Unusual presentation of dedifferentiated liposarcoma as paratesticular mass. A Ghosh, R Swami, PK Sen, S Dwaka Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008;51:42-4
• Reye Syndrome – A Case Report with Review of Literature. Ghosh A, Pradhan S, Swami R, KC SR, Talwar OP. JNMA / Vol 47 / no. 1 / Issue 169 / Jan-Mar,2008 
• Tuberculosis with reversible myelofibrosis in paediatric patient: A case Report. Seema Verma Pradhan, O P Talwar, Arnab Ghosh , Kalpana Malla. PMJN ;Vol 7, No 2, July- dec 2007 
• A prospective and retrospective study of actinomycosis in last five years at Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal. Talwar OP, Ghosh A, Pradhan S, Swami R. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2007), Vol. 5, No. 4, Issue 20, 488-491
• Primary malignant melanoma of vagina – A case report with review of literature.
• Ghosh A, Pradhan S, Swami R, KC SR, Talwar OP, J Nepal Med Assoc 2007;46(168):203-5
• Angiomatous Meningioma. Ravi M. Swami, MD ; Arnab Ghosh, MD ; Seema Verma Pradhan, MD, Nepal Journal of Neuroscience, Volume 4, Number 1, 2007 , p 102
• A Mole in the Sole: Case Report on Eccrine Poroma. Dr R N Das MD MRCP , Dr.Arnab Ghosh, MD. Nepal Internet Journal of Medical Update, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan-Jun 2007
• Transient acantholytic dermatosis (Grover`s disease) - a case report. Binayak Chandra Dwari, Arnab Ghosh, Surichhya Bajracharya, Sanjeev Gupta, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal, J Pakistan Assoc Derma Jun 2007;17(2):112-5. 
• Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland. Dawka S, Jayakumar J, Ghosh A. Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara , Nepal. Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2007), Vol. 5, No. 3, Issue 19, 405-407
• Need For An Individualised And Aggressive Management Of Multinodular Goiters Of Endemic Zones By Specially Trained Surgeons: Experience In Werstern Nepal. M.Baxi, K.J.Shetty, J. Baxi, A.Basu, O.P.Talwar et al. World Journal of Surgery, Volume 30, Number 12/ December 2006; 2101-2109

Presentations 

• Gastric carcinoma in Pokhara valley : evidence and practice- Dr. Seema V Pradhan Western Development Region Dissemination Workshop on Research Findings- Nepal Health Research Council; June 7, 2008
• Chromoblastomycosis in Nepal ; Our experience – Dr. Shagufta Mirza. Western Development Region Dissemination Workshop on Research Findings- Nepal Health Research Council; June 7, 2008
• Normal sized ovarian carcinoma syndrome – Oral presentation - Dr. Seema V Pradhan - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu
• Ocular surface squamous neoplasia – our experience – Oral presentation - Dr. Seema V Pradhan - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu
• Neural tumors – our experience of 8 years – Poster presentation – Dr Arnab Ghosh - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu 
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis – A case report - Poster presentation – Dr Shagufta Mirza - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu
• Giant cell tumor of soft tissue – A case report with review of literature – Poster presentation – Dr Arnab Ghosh - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu 
• Malignant pheochromocytoma – A case report – Oral presentation – Dr Dilasma Gharti Magar - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu
• Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma – Unusual presentation - Poster presentation – Dr Dilasma Gharti Magar - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu 
• Burkitt’s lymphoma - A case presentation – Oral presentation – Dr Ashish Lakhey - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu
• Hypocellular leukemia – report of two cases - Oral presentation – Dr Tanushree Shrestha - Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu
• Nucleolar organizer regions - techniques and pitfalls – Dr. Seema V Pradhan- CME by Association of clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - June 2007, Kathmandu

Conference attended

• Western Development Region Dissemination Workshop on Research Findings – Nepal Health Research Council; June 7 2008
• Conference of Association of Clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) - Dec 2008 , Kathmandu
• CME on Pathology: Association of clinical Pathologists of Nepal (ACPN) June 2007

Sent for publications

• Adult Wilms tumor – a case report 
• A case of retroperitoneal teratoma 
• A case of adrenal gland teratoma in a middle aged woman

Ongoing Research Projects 

• AgNOR counts – Diagnostic significance in cervical intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma in PAP smears in comparison to histology . ( Oct 2007 ) –Dr. Shiva Raj K. C., Prof OP Talwar
• Mucin histochemisrty in benign and malignant prostatic lesions and its correlation with PSA values. Dr Shova Bastola , Prof OP Talwar
• Spectrum of histopathological changes in the skin of patients with diabetes mellitus and their clinical correlation in the Western region of Nepal ( Ongoing ) Dr Suniti Shrestha , Prof OP Talwar
• Value of endometrial aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of perimenopausal bleeding disorders and its correlation with histopathology ( Ongoing ) Prof OP Talwar , Dr. Shagufta Mirza , Dr. Arnab ghosh,
• Usefulness of image guided FNAC in deep seated lesions. Dr. Seema Pradhan , Dr. Arnab Ghosh , Prof O P Talwar
• Tumors of Neural origin – our expirience ( Ongoing ). Dr. Arnab Ghosh , Dr. Seema Pradhan , Prof O P Talwar 
• Basal Cell Carcinoma – A clinicopathological analysis ( Ongoing ). Dr. Seema Pradhan , Dr. Arnab Ghosh , Prof O P Talwar 
• Analysis of salivary gland neoplasms ( Ongoing ). Dr. Seema Pradhan , Dr. Arnab Ghosh , Prof O P Talwar 
• Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in pokhara valley. Dr. Rajesh Pradhan, Dr. Seema Pradhan
• A case of leukaemia presenting as retinal artery occlusion. Dr. Rajesh Pradhan, Dr. Seema Pradhan 
• A case of alder reilly syndrome. Dr. Seema V Pradhan, Dr. Moinak Sen Gupta
• Anaemia in adolescent girls – a clinicopathological study. Dr. Raju Paudel, Dr. Seema V Pradhan, Dr. Arnab ghosh 
• Castleman disease – a study of 5 cases. Dr. Arnab Ghosh, Dr O P Talwar, Dr Seema V Pradhan 
• Spectrum of bone marrow changes in Pancytopenia. Dr. Arnab Ghosh, Dr. Seema V Pradhan 
• A profile of Hydatid cysts in Manipal Teaching Hospital. Dr. Seema V Pradhan, Dr. Arnab Ghosh 
• Study of nucleolar organizer regions in melanoma. Dr. Arnab Ghosh, Dr. Seema V Pradhan 
• A case of adrenal gland teratoma in a middle aged woman. Dr. Jalaz Baxi, Dr. Mukta Baxi, Dr. Seema V Pradhan, Dr.Arnab Ghosh, Prof. O.P.Talwar